中国园林·刊首语 | 2023-11

《中国园林》

Vol. 39  2023-11｜335

本期主题：景观感应

刊首语

Editorial

为了生命的延续，以绿水青山、大地江河为载体，从阳光、空气、水到食物，每一生命个体都需要接受源自宇宙、储于地球的能量；需要信息的传递传播，信息源自个体之间的交往，从个体扩展至群体；更需要选择最佳的时机和有利的空间方位，以求更为高效的能量接受和信息传递，同样的能量接受和信息传递因时空不同而差异极大，选择恰当的时间空间予以应对就变得极为重要。特别对于人类，能量、信息、应对是其环境生存的3个关键，人类将三者联动，三元耦合，实现了生存的个体赋能、身心交流、时空应对。

人类数十万年的演进历程，实现三者的经久不衰、始终发挥作用的基本途径已毋庸置疑，这就是景观环境的感受、认知、反应，简称感、知、应，三者统合称之为景观感应。景观感应始于个体的景观感应，将个体能量的感受、信息的认知、时空的应对三元耦合，融为一体。观察中国风景园林数千年历程，从“风景”到“园林”再到现代“景观”，中国人借助风景园林自始至终追求的正是这种感、知、应的最佳状态，即能量接受、信息传递、时空应对的和谐一体。古往今来，景观感应成就了中国风景园林“研风究景”“求定方中”的初心，揭示了中国风景园林美之源头，展现了人类景观造园的目标本质。毫不夸张，在人类文明进化的历史长河中，景观感应的作用非同小可。

以风景园林学科的视角，国际公认景观感知(Landscape Perception)属于景观分析的核心，而景观分析(Landscape Analysis)又被公认属于风景园林学科的理论基础。景观感应(Landscape Perception and Interaction)较景观感知更为全面地展现了人类生存全程，基于中国人居和风景园林发展而来，突出强调了人类对于自然、生存环境的“有感而发”“能动反应”及“积极应对”。对此，冯纪忠先生关于中国园林2000多年的人与自然关系美感演进的发现总结是最具雄辩的注解。历经现代70年的演进，我认为，景观感应将人类与自然的关系落实于人类个体与所在境地之间的“人-境感应”，今天的景观感应研究与实践，以中国为率先，其既是风景园林的起点，也是风景园林学科的内核，更直指风景园林的终极目标——保护创造风景园林美感。“处理平衡人与自然的关系”，景观感应将这一可用于多学科专业的广义抽象的学科定义具体落实，转换为风景园林学科特有的人-景耦合、人-境联动，转换为与人类息息相关、看得见摸得着、感受得到而妇孺皆知的绿水青山、城市公园、游园绿地。从而，景观感应可以为现代风景园林建立非我莫属的学科核心、独一无二的学科知识体系，以及学科价值标准，揭示风景园林学科未来发展的大势所趋和基本方向。

总之，在当今对于风景园林学科专业莫衷一是的众说纷纭中，景观感应的学科价值究竟如何值得各位深思，我以为，作为风景园林学科的理论基础，景观感应如此重要，至少应该属于学科若干分支领域之一。

景观感应的研究与实践前沿，之前已在《风景园林》杂志“走向景观感应”一文中提及，本期景观感应的主题文章亦差强人意、有所展露。然而，如同对于整个宇宙人类迄今掌握的知识只占4%一样，景观感应世界绝大部分的秘密有待正常的有精神灵魂的人类解密。为此，从有待填空补白到需要精准深化，值得研究的创新性课题比比皆是，关键在于从何立场目标出发判断研究的选题，以何价值标准衡量研究的成败创意。景观感应研究首先考验的是研究者对于这个大变局时代、对于人民大众以及对于国家的感、知、应。

For the continuation of life, with clear water, green mountains, land and rivers as carriers, from sunlight, air, water, to food, every living body needs to receive energy that originates from the universe and is stored in the earth; it needs the transmission and dissemination of information, and information comes from communication between individual bodies and extends from individual bodies to groups; and it is even more necessary to choose the best time and favorable spatial orientation in order to achieve more efficient energy reception and information transmission, and similarly energy reception and information transmission vary greatly depending on time and space, so it is extremely important to choose the appropriate time and space to respond to that. Especially for humans, energy, information, and response are the three keys to their environmental survival. Human beings link the three and achieve three-dimensional coupling to achieve individual empowerment, physical and mental communication, and time and space coping for survival.

In the course of hundreds of thousands of years of human evolution, there is no doubt about the basic ways to realize the enduring and always functioning role of the three, which are the feeling, cognition, and reaction of the landscape environment, referred to as sensing, knowing, and responding, and the three are collectively referred to as landscape perception and interaction. Landscape perception and interaction begins with individual landscape perception and interaction, integrating the three-dimensional coupling of individual energy feelings, information cognition, and time and space responses. Observing the thousands of years of Chinese landscape architecture, from "landscape" to "garden" to modern "landscape", what the Chinese people have always pursued with the help of landscape architecture is this optimal state of sensing, knowing, and responding, that is, the harmonious integration of energy acceptance, information transmission, and time and space response. Throughout the ages, landscape perception and interaction has fulfilled the original intention of Chinese landscape architecture to "study landscapes" and "find the right formula", revealed the source of the beauty of Chinese landscape architecture, and demonstrated the essence of human landscape gardening goals. It is no exaggeration to say that in the long history of the evolution of human civilization, the role of landscape perception and interaction is of great importance.

From the perspective of the discipline of landscape architecture, Landscape Perception is internationally recognized as the core of landscape analysis, and Landscape Analysis is recognized as the theoretical basis of the discipline of landscape architecture. Landscape Perception and Interaction shows the whole process of human existence more comprehensively than landscape perception. It is developed based on Chinese habitation and landscape architecture, and highlights the human's "feeling", "active reaction", and "positive response" towards nature and living environment. In this regard,  Mr. Feng Jizhong's discovery summary of the aesthetic evolution of the relationship between human and nature in Chinese gardens over more than 2,000 years is the most eloquent commentary. After 70 years of modern evolution, I believe that landscape perception and interaction implements the relationship between human and nature in the "human-environment perception and interaction" between human individuals and their environments. Today's landscape perception and interaction research and practice, led by China, is both the starting point of landscape architecture and the core of the discipline of landscape architecture, and it directly points to the ultimate goal of landscape architecture - to protect and create the beauty of landscape architecture. "Dealing with the balanced relationship between human and nature", landscape perception and interaction concretely implements this broad and abstract discipline definition that can be used in multi-disciplinary majors, transforming it into human-landscape coupling and human-environment linkage that are unique to the discipline of landscape architecture, and transforming it into clear water and green mountains, city parks, and recreational garden green spaces that are closely related to people, can be seen, touched, felt, and known by everyone. Therefore, landscape perception and interaction can establish the predominant disciplinary core, the unique disciplinary knowledge system, and the disciplinary value standards for modern landscape architecture, and reveal the general trend and basic direction of the future development of the landscape architecture discipline.

In short, in today's divergent opinions on the discipline of landscape architecture, the disciplinary value of landscape perception and interaction is worth pondering. I think that as the theoretical basis of the discipline of landscape architecture, landscape perception and interaction is so important that it should at least belong to one of several branches of the discipline.

The research and practice frontiers of landscape perception and interaction have been previously mentioned in the article of "Towards Landscape Interaction" in the journal of Landscape Architecture. The theme article of this issue on landscape perception and interaction is also barely satisfactory and expounds to some extent. However, just as the knowledge that human have so far only accounts for 4% of the entire universe, most of the secrets of the field of landscape perception and interaction need to be deciphered by normal human with spiritual souls. To this end, there are many innovative topics worthy of research, ranging from gaps that need to be filled in to those that require precise in-depth research. The key lies in the standpoint and goal from which to judge the research topic, and what value standards are used to measure the success or failure of the research. Landscape perception and interaction research first tests the researcher's feeling, cognition, and reaction to this era of great changes, to the people, and to the country.

本刊副主编：刘滨谊 教授

Prof. LIU Binyi

Vice Chief Editor

引文格式

刘滨谊.刊首语[J].中国园林，2023，39(11)：2-3.

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排版 | 李旻

校对 | 刘欣雅

审核 | 金荷仙